In 2023, OCCRP reported that Venezuela’s former head of the treasury under President Hugo Chávez had been under investigation in Liechtenstein for allegedly laundering money using gold bars. Reporters found that investigators had also looked into Swiss banker Ronnie Budja, but could not confirm whether he faced any charges. Liechtenstein authorities have since confirmed that an official investigation into Budja was discontinued in 2024 due to insufficient grounds to initiate criminal proceedings.